Bash 脚本中如何使用 here 文档将数据写入文件
here 文档 (LCTT 译注:here 文档又称作 heredoc )不是什么特殊的东西,只是一种 I/O 重定向方式,它告诉 bash shell 从当前源读取输入,直到读取到只有分隔符的行。

这对于向 ftp、cat、echo、ssh 和许多其他有用的 Linux/Unix 命令提供指令很有用。 此功能适用于 bash 也适用于 Bourne、Korn、POSIX 这三种 shell。
here 文档语法
语法是:
command <<EOF cmd1 cmd2 arg1 EOF
或者允许 shell 脚本中的 here 文档使用 EOF<<- 以自然的方式缩进:
command <<-EOF msg1 msg2 $var on line EOF
或者
command <<'EOF' cmd1 cmd2 arg1 $var won't expand as parameter substitution turned off by single quoting EOF
或者 重定向并将其覆盖 到名为 my_output_file.txt 的文件中:
command <<EOF > my_output_file.txt mesg1 msg2 msg3 $var on $foo EOF
或重定向并将其追加到名为 my_output_file.txt 的文件中:
command <<EOF >> my_output_file.txt mesg1 msg2 msg3 $var on $foo EOF
示例
以下脚本将所需内容写入名为 /tmp/output.txt 的文件中:
#!/bin/bash OUT=/tmp/output.txt echo "Starting my script..." echo "Doing something..." cat <<EOF >$OUT Status of backup as on $(date) Backing up files $HOME and /etc/ EOF echo "Starting backup using rsync..."
你可以使用cat命令查看/tmp/output.txt文件:
$ cat /tmp/output.txt
示例输出:
Status of backup as on Thu Nov 16 17:00:21 IST 2017 Backing up files /home/vivek and /etc/
禁用路径名/参数/变量扩展、命令替换、算术扩展
像 $HOME 这类变量和像 $(date) 这类命令在脚本中会被解释为替换。 要禁用它,请使用带有 'EOF' 这样带有单引号的形式,如下所示:
#!/bin/bash OUT=/tmp/output.txt echo "Starting my script..." echo "Doing something..." # No parameter and variable expansion, command substitution, arithmetic expansion, or pathname expansion is performed on word. # If any part of word is quoted, the delimiter is the result of quote removal on word, and the lines in the here-document # are not expanded. So EOF is quoted as follows cat <<'EOF' >$OUT Status of backup as on $(date) Backing up files $HOME and /etc/ EOF echo "Starting backup using rsync..."
你可以使用 cat 命令查看 /tmp/output.txt 文件:
$ cat /tmp/output.txt
示例输出:
Status of backup as on $(date) Backing up files $HOME and /etc/
关于 tee 命令的使用
语法是:
tee /tmp/filename <<EOF >/dev/null line 1 line 2 line 3 $(cmd) $var on $foo EOF
或者通过在单引号中引用 EOF 来禁用变量替换和命令替换:
tee /tmp/filename <<'EOF' >/dev/null line 1 line 2 line 3 $(cmd) $var on $foo EOF
这是我更新的脚本:
#!/bin/bash OUT=/tmp/output.txt echo "Starting my script..." echo "Doing something..." tee $OUT <<EOF >/dev/null Status of backup as on $(date) Backing up files $HOME and /etc/ EOF echo "Starting backup using rsync..."
关于内存 here 文档的使用
这是我更新的脚本:
#!/bin/bash OUT=/tmp/output.txt ## in memory here docs ## thanks https://twitter.com/freebsdfrau exec 9<<EOF Status of backup as on $(date) Backing up files $HOME and /etc/ EOF ## continue echo "Starting my script..." echo "Doing something..." ## do it cat <&9 >$OUT echo "Starting backup using rsync..."
via: https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/using-heredoc-rediection-in-bash-shell-script-to-write-to-file/
作者:Vivek Gite 译者:Flowsnow 校对:wxy
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